Health Topics  
OSTEOPOROSIS   

What is osteoporosis?
Bone is made of hard tissue and soft marrow. In osteoporosis the hard material is reduced and the bone becomes more fragile.

What causes osteoporosis?
Everyone loses bone as they age.  In women, a fall in oestrogen (female hormone) results in very rapid bone loss after the menopause.  Other conditions (e.g. thyroid disease), treatment with steroids, poor nutrition, smoking, excess alcohol consumption, immobilisation or lack of exercise, a family history of osteoporosis and a slight build all predispose to osteoporosis.

What are the effects of osteoporosis?
Bone weakness leads to an increased risk of fractures – particularly the wrist, spine and hip.  Loss of spine bone also causes height loss and curvature (Dowager’s hump).  Hip fractures occur in 20000 people per year  in the UK and require an operation.  Many people die as a result of hip injury and it has been estimated that this particular fracture costs the country £500 million a year.

Is osteoporosis curable?
No.  But it is possible to prevent further bone loss and stop the condition from worsening. Calcium, Vitamin D3 and compounds called biphosphonates can slow down osteoporosis.

How can I prevent osteoporosis?
The best treatment to prevent osteoporosis in women is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) commenced as soon as possible after the menopause and continued for a minimum of five years.  Calcium supplements (milk drinks) and exercise also help.

How can I prevent fractures due to osteoporosis?
1.      Prevent falls by:                                     
                                 Maintaining fitness
                                 Regular exercise
                                            Mental stimulation
                                 Minimal sedation/other medication
                                 Reduce alcohol use
                                 Use walking aids if needed
2.   Maintain Vision and Hearing       
                                 Regular checks by doctor and optician
3.  Reduce hazards in the home:
                                 Low obstacles
                                 Loose carpets 
                                            Slippery floors
                                 Poor lighting
                                 Bath hazards
                                 Inadequate hand holds
                                 Slippery and uneven kerbs
                                Dangerous stairs

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